Not so long ago the new head of Ukraine Victor Yanukovych and his command have loudly enough noted hundred days of his presidency. The leader of the country in details told to citizens about the first steps in economy and about prospects of overcoming of new old difficulties on market ways. However in a stream of schedules and formulas the main question for all Ukraine has somehow got lost: on what bases split ideologically and mentally on a line «the east — the West» the country should unite now? And — whether such association is possible in general?
After all after coming to power of a «white-dark blue» command of Victor Yanukovych cardinally changing a vector of movement of Ukraine in opposite from statements of the previous, «orange» power the party, already and blind, as they say, it is visible that the uniform country is not present. In various political circles all sounds a word «federalization», and behind it — «disintegration» more loudly and more persistently.
However, the idea of federalization Ukraine is not so new. For the first time it has stated during elections of the first president of the country in 1991 anybody other as dissident Vyacheslav Chornovil standing then on a post of the head of the state. It is known that stayed many years in the Soviet camps the journalist has lost to the former secretary of the Central Committee of Communist Party of Ukraine Leonid Kravchuk. However if Chornovil almost has won 20 years ago, probably, the program pre-election idea to him should be embodied in a life.
And though the history does not know a subjunctive mood, nevertheless, if then it was developed on presidential election differently, probably, today about this inveterate sore — federalization of Ukraine — already anybody and has not recollected. The country would remain uniform, but — federation, the east would not reproach the West that feeds him, and the West would not try to put on the east wide trousers, vishivanki and brili (straw hats). However and after decades this theme — federalization — almost every time when commands vary in power, emerges in a society with new force. But especially powerful the wave today when Yanukovych’s «white-dark blue» command, according to the rests «orange», «has handed over» Russia already hardly probable not all country accrues.
Clearly that this wave moves from outside the Western Ukraine which, certainly, identifies with the present Ukraine only itself. But if in previous years conversation about federalization on it also came to an end, now (hardly probable not for the first time) both simple people, and political scientists have gone further — have started talking not only about country section, but also about its possible disintegration. It has appeared, all is simple: people in the east and in the west have got tired for years to show each other claims, start to think that, can, and really so it will be better for all — as they say, divorce and a maiden name.
The distance in 20 years allows more attentively and to peer at old events steadfastly. Many gradually began to understand: there is no one (uniform) Ukraine. It never also was not in that geopolitical space in which it is concluded. Yes, on a map of a contemporary history of the country, in fresh Ukrainian textbooks which begin words «Children, look at map of Ukraine». Маp — the map in a translation from English, is to a question of «Ukrainization» of Ukraine), such sovereign state in the centre of Europe is designated. But in the most this territory of such uniform country is not present. Also it is that truth which never wished to tell aloud and to take into consideration in the daily work on its overcoming, its transformation in another, first of all, square politicians in «orange» clothes. (Yes it, actually, also was not necessary to them.)
But Bolsheviks for a long time spoke about this irritating factor on a way of the old new authorities (and almost all of them, I will remind, left from Kuchma «overcoats») to glory and desired granaries of the native land «» — Yanukovych and his «Donetsk gangsters» and «separatists». And not only spoke. More than five years ago, after voluntary-compulsory «delivery» of a presidential post by Yanukovych and ascensions to Yushchenko’s power, in Severodonetsk has passed gathering of supporters of the Party of Regions, christened by journalists «congress of separatists». East areas have seriously attended to branch from «zapadentsy» and «banderovci».
This homespun truth about a territorial condition and mental opposition in the country on a line «the east — the West», «orange» observers of formally uniform Ukraine threatened with penalties heavenly and terrestrial to «white-dark blue» dissenters, up to excitation of criminal cases. But has not passed then and year, how are you doing these have been forgotten and closed, and «gangsters» and «separatists» have appeared not in prisons where it is oath assured to send their leaders of the Maidan, and again — to the authorities. And to whom they were necessary, these «criminals» if daily for 25 hours a day there was a struggle of the among the — not on a life, and for an armchair that of the president, prime minister, speaker of parliament?
The truth consisted and consists that there are two Ukraines — one of them is personified with Victor Yanukovych — basically, it is Crimea, the east and the south. And other Ukraine — western and a part central. If earlier it associated with Victor Yushchenko, now, after his shameful presidency and leaving, — in himself.
It is necessary to notice that at presidents of Kravchuk and Kuchma these two Ukraines did not competed. The plait began to find sharply on a stone when for the first time for years of independence of the country it has headed as supporters «orange» (already not numerous), «the real Ukrainian president» Victor Yushchenko.It is meant, probably that he bore in himself the most deep Ukrainian identity, its originality and strongly pronounced ethnicity. During his board for the first time in history independent Ukraine almost all heads of the country have appeared natives of village, time of the most hammered remote places. People has sat down — collective farmers, simple peasants, rural intelligency — and have made the basic kernel of his electorate.
The city of Kiev (and some other in the centre and in the west) too have voted five years ago for Yushchenko. But it is not necessary to be mistaken on this bill: the population of Kiev (and other cities) fills up a large quantity of the people who have arrived from villages in search of a better lot. The rural mentality, and in him the limited, not developed kind, also defined Yushchenko’s command and all its actions (or inactivity). From here — and its level as representations about a country government, and concepts about the state and the world.
Than two these countries — Ukraine Yanukovych and the Western Ukraine which has remained again without the uniform leader differ? It — as different sides of the same coin. They like also are not divided, but they (parties) do not look against each other, they are fanned by different winds: one — east, another — western. Paraphrasing the Great Helmsman: whether blow east wind western? Or on the contrary. So — globally and irrevocably on the contrary — between struggles for больший a piece of an imperious pie and compromising evidence wars against each other — it also was put by an «orange» command. The West with gusto broke the east through a knee, — it is enough to recollect new «heroes» from Yushchenko: Shuhevich, Bandera, soldiers OUN-UPA, Mazepa, new «holidays» — in peak to east regions gravitating to Russia.
Ukraine Yanukovych is the other country which is absolutely distinct from idyllic and patriarchal Ukraine Yushchenko. Ukraine without wide trousers and vishivanks a dagger, without «herring» (the name of a hairdress of the Ukrainian Cossacks), without confidence of that, «that Jesus Christ was the Ukrainian». In it still more than the Soviet mentality, feeling of internationalism and even cosmopolitism. Feelings of a reality. This Ukraine is more similar to Russia, in it both think, and speak basically in Russian, she wishes to be closer to Russia, is almost indifferent to the European promises and does not aspire in the NATO. In this Ukraine there is more than nostalgia on our general past.
It is not better and is not worse than the Western Ukraine aspiring in the NATO, the European union and refuses from the neigbour of Russia, blaming for all own troubles.
Problem for the population of the country that these two Ukraines — too different. Two Ukrain — westernized and Prorussian — approximately fifty-fifty if to recollect presidential votings in 2004 and 2010 years and to look at last parliamentary elections. Today, being the good pupil and adopting experience of the left power, Yanukovych and its command with cruiser speed drift in the party opposite from a laid «orange» course. Already «white-dark blue» break about a knee the western electorate, it is prompt (so that anybody and did not expect) carrying away the country to the Russian coast, displeasing the Western Ukraine.
However, each of presidents — Yushchenko earlier, Yanukovych — only fulfil now the electoral promises. There is no saying that will speak about the present power in five years, but about the left Yushchenko one of his former advisers on the condition of anonymity has told in a fit of temper to me so: «Ukraine because of Yushchenko has lost chance which time for 300 years has dropped out to him: to become Ukraine. Before the nation it is impossible to forgive such crime. He should answer for it before the Ukrainian people».
Whether there is a chance to remain two Ukrainam one country? there is always a chance. Probably, under certain conditions, which the power and opposition should observe piously. This condition with reference to Ukraine today only one: politicians of all colours, colours and religions should learn immediately to speak in one language. Language of exclusively Ukrainian interests. Both in a world policy, and at village Horuzhevka or district Makeyevka level. Two Ukrainam — Prorussian and westernized — to drift in one — Proukrainian — the party, towards each other.
And if it will not be possible to agree so — having connected wide trousers to waste heaps, — at the best it is necessary to recollect a political testament of almost 20-year-old prescription of the candidate in Vyacheslav Chornovila’s presidents about federalization of Ukraine and intention of the last of «congress of separatists» — Donetsk «gangsters». In the worst — to the old woman-evrope remains nothing than to welcome the new states in territory of the former Ukraine. And it is good — not as a result of «kirgization» the countries.
Alla JAROSHINSKY
www.rosbalt.ru